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‹#›
Ge=
ne
linkage
© Aleš Panczak, ÚBLG 1. LF a V=
FN
![3D1862506](3D"slide0001_image002.gif")
![3DCisTransV](3D"slide0017_image004.gif")
![](3D"slide0017_image005.gif")
cis and trans configuration =
in F1 hybrids
![](3D"slide0016_image006.gif")
Intrachromosomal recombinat=
ion
![](3D"slide0016_image007.gif")
crossing-over in prophase I
=
disjunction and
distribution of chromatids in anaphase II
![3DScan0001](3D"slide0016_image009.gif")
![](3D"slide0016_image010.gif")
P (homozygous parents)
![](3D"slide0016_image011.gif")
F1 (heterozygote)<=
/span>
![](3D"slide0016_image012.gif")
chromosomes in gametes =
of F1 generation
genotypes of gametes
Terminology, definitions
•The term recombination
ratio (fraction), Q (Greek letter theta)=
, is used for expression of linkage intensity (strength).
•The unit of cM (centimor=
gan) is,
in contemporary textbooks, used
for map distance<=
/span>.
•These two variables are identical only for small <=
/span>values – namely, maximum possib=
le value
of Q<=
b> is 0.5, i.e. 50 %, whereas the length of a chromo=
some after counting up of individual segme=
nts at
genetic mappi=
ng can
be even 120 to 150 cM.
•Roughly, we may declare that two loci are separate=
d by genetic distance 1 cM (one centimo=
rgan),
if the recom=
bination
fraction make 1 % or Q =3D 0,01.
•In the text of the book the older terminology is u=
sed =
(linkage intensity is marked as p).
Task 2,=
p.
99
![](3D"slide0022_image014.gif")
![](3D"slide0022_image016.gif")
Task 1,=
p.
99
![](3D"slide0032_image018.gif")
![](3D"slide0032_image020.gif")
Task 3,=
p.
99
![](3D"slide0036_image021.gif")
P
Ab/Ab
x
aB/aB
gametes=
=
Ab
aB
F
1
Ab/aB
(
Θ
=3D 0,2)
gametes=
=
F
2
![](3D"slide0037_image022.gif")
P
Ab/Ab
x
aB/aB
gametes=
=
Ab
aB
F
1
Ab/aB
(
Θ
=3D 0,2)
gametes=
=
AB
Ab
aB
ab
F
2
AB
Ab
aB
ab
![](3D"slide0038_image023.gif")
P
Ab/Ab
x
aB/aB
gametes=
=
Ab
aB
F
1
Ab/aB
(
Θ
=3D 0,2)
gametes=
=
AB
Ab
aB
ab
frequences=
0,1
0,4
0,4
0,1
F
2
AB
0,1
Ab
0,4
aB
0,4
ab
0,1
![](3D"slide0039_image024.gif")
P
Ab/Ab
x
aB/aB
gametes=
=
Ab
aB
F
1
Ab/aB
(
Θ
=3D 0,2)
gametes=
=
AB
Ab
aB
ab
frequences=
0,1
0,4
0,4
0,1
F
2
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
0,1
Ab
AB
Ab
AB
Ab
0,4
aB
AB
AB
aB
aB
0,4
ab
AB
Ab
aB
ab
0,1
phenotypes=
![](3D"slide0040_image025.gif")
P
Ab/Ab
x
aB/aB
gametes=
=
Ab
aB
F
1
Ab/aB
(
Θ
=3D 0,2)
gametes=
=
AB
Ab
aB
ab
frequences=
0,1
0,4
0,4
0,1
F
2
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
0,1
0,01
0,04
0,04
0,01
Ab
AB
Ab
AB
Ab
0,4
0,04
0,16
0,16
0,04
aB
AB
AB
aB
aB
0,4
0,04
0,16
0,16
0,04
ab
AB
Ab
aB
ab
0,1
0,01
0,04
0,04
0,01
frequences=
![](3D"slide0041_image026.gif")
P
Ab/Ab
x
aB/aB
gametes=
=
Ab
aB
F
1
Ab/aB
(
Θ
=3D 0,2)
gametes=
=
AB
Ab
aB
ab
frequences=
0,1
0,4
0,4
0,1
F
2
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
0,1
0,01
0,04
0,04
0,01
Ab
AB
Ab
AB
Ab
0,4
0,04
0,16
0,16
0,04
aB
AB
AB
aB
aB
0,4
0,04
0,16
0,16
0,04
ab
AB
Ab
aB
ab
0,1
0,01
0,04
0,04
0,01
![](3D"slide0042_image027.gif")
AB
Ab
aB
ab
0,1
0,4
0,4
0,1
F
2
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
0,1
0,01
0,04
0,04
0,01
Ab
AB
Ab
AB
Ab
0,4
0,04
0,16
0,16
0,04
aB
AB
AB
aB
aB
0,4
0,04
0,16
0,16
0,04
ab
AB
Ab
aB
ab
0,1
0,01
0,04
0,04
0,01
phenotypes=
frequences=
AB
0,51
=3D 0,01 + 4x0,04 + 4x0,16<=
span
lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'mso-special-format:lastCR;display:none'>
=
Ab
0,24
=3D 0,16 + 2x0,04
aB
0,24
=3D 0,16 + 2x0,04
ab
0,01
![3DDrosofila](3D"slide0010_image031.gif")
![3Dboy-girl-drosophila](3D"slide0010_image033.gif")
![3Ddros](3D"slide0010_image034.jpg")
![3D"Drosophila](3D"slide0010_image035.jpg")
![](3D"slide0010_image036.gif")
Drosophila melanogaster
![](3D"slide0011_image038.gif")
![](3D"slide0011_image039.jpg")
![](3D"slide0011_image040.gif")
![3Dvestigial](3D"slide0011_image042.gif")
6
![](3D"slide0011_image043.gif")
=
vestigial
![3D"dros](3D"slide0020_image045.gif")
![](3D"slide0020_image046.gif")
![3D"drosophila_melanogaster2"](3D"slide0020_image048.gif")
![](3D"slide0020_image049.jpg")
![3Debony](3D"slide0020_image050.gif")
![3D"drosop=](3D"slide0020_image051.gif")
![](3D"slide0020_image052.gif")
![](3D"slide0020_image053.gif")
![3Dshort-wings](3D"slide0020_image055.gif")
![](3D"slide0020_image056.gif")
![3D"drosophila_black"](3D"slide0020_image058.gif")
7
![](3D"slide0020_image059.gif")
black
![](3D"slide0020_image060.gif")
vestigial
![](3D"slide0020_image061.gif")
b/b
![](3D"slide0020_image062.gif")
vg/vg
Linkage in Drosophila - Task 5/p. =
100KrOt <=
/span>
![](3D"slide0021_image063.gif")
![](3D"slide0021_image064.gif")
91
411
413
84
=
+ b
=
+ vg
b b
vg=
vg
![](3D"slide0021_image066.gif")
+ + / b vg
b + / b vg
+ vg / b vg
b vg / b vg
![](3D"slide0021_image067.gif")
X
=
Phenotypes
![](3D"slide0021_image068.gif")
=
Genotypes
Phenotypes of
Bc population
![](3D"slide0021_image069.gif")
=
Genotypes
=
Number
![](3D"slide0021_image070.gif")
Configuration: trans
![](3D"slide0021_image072.gif")
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=
Druhá úroveň
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